ELBOW
WHAT IS THE ELBOW?
The elbow is a hinge joint that connects the three bones of the arm: the radius and ulna of the forearm and the humerus of the upper arm. The primary ligament of the elbow is the medial collateral ligament on the inside of the elbow and the lateral collateral ligament on the outside. Several muscles surrounding the joint are responsible for movement. The tendons attach the muscle to the bone, the cartilage coversand protects the ends of the bones, and bursa sacs provide lubrication and protection of the joint.
WHAT ARE SOME COMMON ELBOW DISORDERS?
Dislocation: A dislocation is usually the result of a fall on an outstretched arm, when the ends of the bones are forced from their normal position in the joint. Signs of injury include obvious deformity, pain and swelling. Effective management of elbow dislocation includes physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications.
Tendonitis: Inflammation of the muscle tendon usually caused by overuse. Signs include pain in the elbow, weakness in the wrist, pain with extension of the wrist or fingers against a resistance, and tenderness on the bone of the outside of the joint. Treatment includes bracing for support, physical and occupational therapy.
Bursa sac injuries: In the center of the arm, the bursa allows the skin to slide over the bony prominence of the elbow. Falling on the tip of the elbow causes bursa injuries. Bursa injuries can be chronic or acute. Acute bursitis (inflammation of the bursa) is usually caused by direct trauma to the elbow. Signs include pain, swelling, and limited motion. Treatment includes compression wrap, and outpatient surgery if the swelling does not subside. Chronic bursitis results from repetitive trauma and fluid build up. The area around the bursa may feel thick to the touch. Treatment includes anti-inflammatory medication and physical and occupational therapy.